|
A review by Georges T. Dodds
While Hollow Earth fiction probably hit its peak in the lost race fiction era of the late 19th-early
20th century, excellent works in this genre continue to be produced, the
recently reprinted "Black as the Pit, from Pole to Pole" (1977) by Steven Utley
and Howard Waldrop being a prime example. It is this genre that is the focus of Subterranean Worlds, a
predominantly academic (i.e., it bears endnotes and a bibliography) work which investigates Hollow Earth theories and
fiction. An introductory chapter outlines previous scholarship, defines the major categories of such worlds (swiss
cheese, concentric spheres and north Pole-south Pole passage), the period emphasized (pre-Victorian), and defines
criteria of inclusion/exclusion of works. In the introductory chapter, the author/compiler goes on to survey the
major fictional works which led to the development and
enunciation of Hollow Earth theories (which are sadly still believed by some.)
Subsequent chapters are each devoted to a scientific works,
with a terminal chapter presenting some works published after Jules Verne's Voyage to the Centre of the Earth. Certainly
Subterranean Worlds presents a good checklist of early Hollow Earth literature, but some delving into additional pre-WWII
works would have been interesting, if outside the parameters set by the author. The author discusses how each fictional work
fits in the genre, or in some cases how previous scholars have incorrectly ascribed the work to the genre. He then gives
representative excerpts, in English -- for many of the French works this represents their first translation into
English. Given that some of the works cited run to over 1000 pages, not all of which are relevant, and some of which are
likely fairly tedious, excerpts, while they don't allow one to follow a narrative thread, are not such a bad thing. Most
of the full texts are available in one form or another (see below), albeit not always in English, so if a particular work
piques one's interest one can expand one's reading-list. Given his interest in Utopian literature, Peter Fitting gives some
emphasis to his discussion of societal elements of the subterranean civilisations, and presents a number of interesting and
informative insights into the texts.
While I might have small issues with subtleties of meaning in the author's translations from the French (but then no
two translators will translate a passage in exactly the same manner), these are not likely to be of much importance to
the English reader. What I have greater difficulty in accepting is errors in citation/documentation, a number of which
I was able to find within about an hour:
- p. 35: the author cites a passage from Lamékis as being from page 75, where it actually spans pages 74 and 75.
- p. 91: the author cites a passage from the Icosameron as being from page 29 (Vol. 2), where it actually spans
pages 29-31
- p. 82: in the translation the author omits a portion (see italics below), albeit a quasi-redundant one, of
a sentence (from L'Aventurier françois) with no indication (i.e., ...) of having done so.
- "[...] comme on étoit toujours aux lumieres, il n'y avoit réellement ni jour ni nuit; par consequent
aucune heure fixée pour le sommeil ni pour le repas."
becomes
- "Since it was always light, there were no set hours
for meals or sleep."
- The contents page (p. ix), chapter title (p. 85), p. 89, p. 203 give a publication date of 1788 for the
Icosameron whereas the bibliography (and the Bibliothèque nationale de France) give 1787. (Admittedly there
seems to be some controversy regarding this date, but then at least be consistent in dating the work.)
While all this might appear rather nit-picky, it suggests a certain lack of critical proofreading, which while perhaps
inconsequential to the casual reader, might not be so to the academic.
Notwithstanding these minor problems, Subterranean Worlds treads on territory which has had relatively little
coverage, presenting and discussing a number of rare and obscure works of proto-science fiction to which one would not otherwise
be exposed.
Works discussed (with links to online text where available)
- Scientific Works
- Mundus Subterraneus (1665) by Athanasius Kircher, S.J.
- The Sacred Theory of the Earth: Containing an Account of the Original of Earth and of All the General Changes Which is Hath Already Undergone, or is to Undergo, Till the Consummation of All Things: Vol. I, Vol. II, (1691) by Thomas Burnet.
- An account of the cause of the change of the variation of the magnetical needle with an hypothesis of the structure of the internal parts of the Earth (see page 563), (1692) by Edmund Halley
- The Christian Philosopher, (1721) by Cotton Mather.
- Cosmos: A Sketch of a Physical Description of the Universe, (1848) by Alexander von Humboldt (French ed., Vol. 1, 2, 3, 4.),
- Fictional Works
- Relation d'un voyage du Pôle Arctique au Pôle Antarctique par le Centre du monde, avec la description de ce périlleux passage et des choses merveilleuses et étonnantes qu'on a découvertes sous le Pôle Antarctique, (1721) anonymous.
- Lamékis, ou Les voyages extraordinaires d'un égyptien dans la terre intérieure, avec la découverte de l'île des Sylphides enrichis de notes curieuses: Vol. I, Vol. II (1735-1738) by Charles de Fieux, chevalier de Mouhy.
- The Journey of Niels Klim to the World Underground, with a New Theory of the Earth and the History of the Previously Unknown Fifth Kingdom (1741) by Ludvig Holberg (partial English translation, new English edition)
- The Life and Adventures of Peter Wilkins [...], (1750) by Robert Paltock (French ed., Vol. 1, 2)
- L'aventurier françois, ou Mémoires de Grégoire Merveil, (1782) by Robert-Martin Lesuire.
- Icosaméron ou Histoire d'Edouard et d'Elisabeth qui passèrent quatre-vingts-un ans chez les Mégamicres, habitans aborigènes du Protocosme dans l'intérieur de notre globe: Vol. 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 (1787) by Giovanni Giacomo Casanova.
- Symzonia: A Voyage of Discovery, (1820) by John Cleves Symmes Jr.(?).
- Voyage au centre de la terre, ou Aventures diverses de Clairancy et de ses compagnons dans le Spitzberg, au Pôle Nord et dans des pays inconnus: Vol. 1, 2, 3, (1821) by Jacques Auguste Simon Collin de Plancy.
- The Narrative of Arthur Gordon Pym of Nantucket by Edgar Allen Poe.
- Voyage au centre de la terre, (1864) by Jules Verne (English text)
- The Coming Race by Edward Bulwer-Lytton.
- Mizora: A Prophecy (1880-1881 serial, 1890 book) by Mary E. Bradley Lane.
- The Smoky God; or, A Voyage to the Inner World, (1908), by Willis George Emerson.
- At the Earth's Core by Edgar Rice Burroughs
Copyright © 2005 Georges T. Dodds
Georges Dodds is a research scientist in vegetable crop physiology, who for close to 25 years has read and collected close to
2000 titles of predominantly pre-1950 science-fiction and fantasy, both in English and French. He writes columns on early
imaginative literature for WARP, the newsletter/fanzine of the Montreal Science Fiction and
Fantasy Association and maintains a site reflecting his tastes in imaginative literature.
|